|
Lennon–McCartney (also written Lennon/McCartney and occasionally known as McCartney–Lennon) was the rock music songwriting partnership between English musicians John Lennon (9 October 19408 December 1980) and Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) of the Beatles. It is one of the best known and most successful musical collaborations in history. Between 1962 and 1969, the partnership published approximately 180 jointly credited songs, of which the vast majority were recorded by the Beatles, forming the bulk of their catalogue. Unlike many songwriting partnerships that comprise separate lyricist and composer,〔Such as Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Hal David and Burt Bacharach, Elton John and Bernie Taupin.〕 both Lennon and McCartney wrote words and music. Sometimes, especially early on, they would collaborate extensively when writing songs, working "nose to nose and eyeball to eyeball". Later, it became more common for one of the two credited authors to write all or most of a song with limited input from the other. "He provided a lightness, an optimism, while I would always go for the sadness, the discords, the bluesy notes," John Lennon explained in his 1980 ''Playboy'' interviews. By an agreement made before the Beatles became famous, Lennon and McCartney were credited equally with songs that either one of them wrote while their partnership lasted. Lennon–McCartney compositions have been the subject of numerous cover versions. According to ''Guinness World Records'', "Yesterday" has been recorded by more artists than any other song. ==Working partnership== Lennon and McCartney's first musical idols were The Everly Brothers, Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly and Smokey Robinson and the Miracles and they learned many of their songs and imitated their sound. Their first compositions were written at McCartney's home (20 Forthlin Road), at Lennon's aunt Mimi's house (251 Menlove Avenue) or at the Liverpool Institute. They often invited friends—including George Harrison, Nigel Walley, Barbara Baker, and Lennon's art school colleagues—to listen to performances of their new songs. The pair met on July 6, 1957, at a local church fete, where Lennon was playing with his skiffle group, the Quarrymen. Paul, brought along by a mutual friend, Ivan Vaughan, impressed Lennon with his ability on the guitar and his version of Eddie Cochran's '20 Flight Rock'. Soon after, John Lennon asked McCartney if he would join the Quarrymen. McCartney accepted, and there the legacy was born.〔Burlingame, Jeff. John Lennon "Imagine." Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers ,2011. Print.〕〔Conord, Bruce W. John Lennon. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1994. Print.〕 Although Lennon and McCartney often wrote independently—and many Beatles songs are primarily the work of one or the other—it was rare that a song would be completed without some input from both writers. In many instances, one writer would sketch an idea or a song fragment and take it to the other to finish or improve; in some cases, two incomplete songs or song ideas that each had worked on individually would be combined into a complete song. Often one of the pair would add a middle eight or bridge section to the other's verse and chorus. Lennon called it "Writing eyeball-to-eyeball", and "Playing into each other's noses". This approach of the Lennon–McCartney songwriting team—with elements of competitiveness and mutual inspiration as well as straightforward collaboration and creative merging of musical ideas—is often cited as a key reason for the Beatles' innovation and popular success. As time went on, the songs increasingly became the work of one writer or the other, often with the partner offering up only a few words or an alternative chord. "A Day in the Life" is a notable and well-known example of a later Beatles song that includes substantial contributions by both Lennon and McCartney, where a separate song fragment by McCartney ("Woke up, fell out of bed, dragged a comb across my head ...") was used to flesh out the middle of Lennon's composition ("I read the news today, oh boy ..."). "Hey Jude" is another example of a later McCartney song that had input from Lennon: while auditioning the song for Lennon, when McCartney came to the lyric "the movement you need is on your shoulder," McCartney assured Lennon that he would change the line—which McCartney felt was nonsensical—as soon as he could come up with a better lyric. Lennon advised McCartney to leave that line alone, saying it was one of the strongest in the song.〔''The Beatles Anthology'' documentary〕 In his 1980 ''Playboy'' interview, Lennon said of the partnership, However, Lennon said the main intention of the Beatles' music was to communicate, and that, to this effect, he and McCartney had a shared purpose. The book ''Help! 50 Songwriting, Recording and Career Tips Used by the Beatles'' points out that at least half of all Lennon–McCartney lyrics have the words "you" and/or "your" in the first line. The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership makes up the majority of the Beatles' catalogue. The first two UK studio albums included twelve cover tunes and fifteen Lennon–McCartney songs, with one track ("Don't Bother Me") credited to George Harrison.〔 Their third UK album, ''A Hard Day's Night'' (1964), is the only original Beatles album made up entirely of Lennon–McCartney compositions. The next album released, ''Beatles for Sale'' (1964), included six covers and eight Lennon–McCartney originals. The subsequent release, ''Help!'' (1965), had two covers and two Harrison compositions along with ten Lennon–McCartney tracks and was the last Beatles album to feature a cover until ''Let It Be'', which featured an arrangement of the traditional Liverpool folk song "Maggie Mae". All other songs released on studio albums by the band after ''Help!'' were original compositions, with George Harrison contributing between one and four songs on each record, Ringo Starr writing two songs ("Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden") and being given joint credit with Lennon and McCartney for a third ("What Goes On"), and a fourth and fifth joint credit on "Flying" and "Dig It" (both songs credited to all four Beatles), and the rest of the catalogue coming from Lennon and McCartney. Lennon and McCartney gave songs to Starr to sing, and to Harrison before he started writing his own material. As for the songs they kept for themselves, each partner mostly sang his own composition, often with the other providing harmonies, or they shared lead vocal. If each contributed a fragment to make a whole song, he might sing his portion (see "I've Got a Feeling" and "A Day in the Life"). "Every Little Thing" is a rare example of a Lennon–McCartney composition written by one member of the partnership (McCartney) and sung by the other (Lennon). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lennon–McCartney」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|